Practice

Rotational kinematics

Angular velocity, angular displacement and revolutions under constant angular acceleration, and the linear speed and distance of a point on the rim.

The skill

Rotation about a fixed axis uses the same three constant-acceleration equations as straight-line motion, with θ, ω and α in place of x, v and a, and you choose among them the same way. To move between the wheel and a point on it, use Δs=rΔθ, v=rω and aT=rα, which only work with angles in radians. Every point on a rigid wheel shares the same ω, but points farther out move faster. Students lose answers by leaving revolutions unconverted; one revolution is 2π radians.

A worked example

A wheel turning at 18.5 rad/s speeds up with a constant angular acceleration of 1.8 rad/s² for 5.6 s.

A point on the wheel is 0.18 m from the axle.

What is that point's linear speed at the end of the 5.6 s, in m/s? Give your answer to three significant figures.

Solution

  1. First ω=ω0+αt = 28.6 rad/s.
  2. Then v=rω = (0.18)(28.6) = 5.14 m/s.

Answer: 5.14

Your turn

Lessons behind these problems