Practice
Rotational energy and angular momentum
Rotational kinetic energy, work done by a torque, angular momentum, angular impulse and a spinning skater pulling in her arms.
The skill
A spinning object stores rotational kinetic energy, , and carries angular momentum, . A torque acting through an angle does work, ; a torque acting for a time delivers an angular impulse , which equals . With no net external torque, angular momentum stays constant, which is why a skater who pulls her arms in spins faster. The usual mistake is putting revolutions into instead of radians.
A worked example
A wheel with rotational inertia 0.45 kg·m² starts at rest. A constant net torque of 2.0 N·m acts on it for 2.0 s.
What is its angular velocity at the end, in rad/s? Give your answer to three significant figures.
Solution
- The angular impulse is τΔt = (2.0)(2.0) = 4.00 kg·m²/s, and .
- Iω − 0 = 4.00, so ω = 4.00 ÷ 0.45 = 8.89 rad/s.
Answer: 8.89