Practice

Rotational energy and angular momentum

Rotational kinetic energy, work done by a torque, angular momentum, angular impulse and a spinning skater pulling in her arms.

The skill

A spinning object stores rotational kinetic energy, K=12Iω2, and carries angular momentum, L=Iω. A torque acting through an angle does work, W=τΔθ; a torque acting for a time delivers an angular impulse τΔt, which equals ΔL. With no net external torque, angular momentum stays constant, which is why a skater who pulls her arms in spins faster. The usual mistake is putting revolutions into W=τΔθ instead of radians.

A worked example

A wheel with rotational inertia 0.45 kg·m² starts at rest. A constant net torque of 2.0 N·m acts on it for 2.0 s.

What is its angular velocity at the end, in rad/s? Give your answer to three significant figures.

Solution

  1. The angular impulse is τΔt = (2.0)(2.0) = 4.00 kg·m²/s, and ΔL=τΔt.
  2. Iω − 0 = 4.00, so ω = 4.00 ÷ 0.45 = 8.89 rad/s.

Answer: 8.89

Your turn

Lessons behind these problems